What Physical ‘Life Force’ Turns Biology’s Wheels?
https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-physical-life-force-turns-biologys-wheels-20260420/
Quote from the article:
Rarely have I loved biology more than when marveling at the flagellar motor and the influx of protons that turns its gears. “The entropic energy of the proton motive force gets converted into the kinetic energy of the rotation,” Manson said. “That’s all it is. All of it is just that. If you understand that, you basically understand the underpinnings of all that happens in biology.”